Keepalived
由于在生产环境使用了mysqlcluster,需要实现高可用负载均衡,这里提供了keepalived+haproxy来实现.
keepalived主要功能是实现真实机器的故障隔离及负载均衡器间的失败切换.可在第3,4,5层交换.它通过VRRPv2(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) stack实现的.
Layer3:Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器.发送一个ICMP的数据包(既我们平时用的Ping程序),如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活,Keepalived便报告这台服务器失效,并将它从服务器群中剔除,这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机。Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准。
Layer4:主要以TCP端口的状态来决定服务器工作正常与否。如web server的服务端口一般是80,如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动,则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除。
Layer5:在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些。Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器程序的运行是否正常,如果与用户的设定不相符,则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除。
Software Design
keepalived启动后会有单个进程
8352 "htmlcode">root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install keepalived root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf vrrp_script chk_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance interval 2 # check every 2 seconds weight -2 # add 2 points of prio if OK } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth1 # interface to monitor state MASTER virtual_router_id 51 # Assign one ID for this route priority 101 # 101 on master, 100 on backup nopreempt debug virtual_ipaddress { 10.1.6.173 } track_script { #注意大括号空格 chk_haproxy } notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh #表示当切换到master状态时,要执行的脚本 notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh #故障时执行的脚本 notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh #keepalived停止运行前运行notify_stop指定的脚本 }VRRPD配置包括三个类:
- VRRP同步组(synchroization group)
- VRRP实例(VRRP Instance)
- VRRP脚本
这里使用了 VRRP实例, VRRP脚本
注意配置选项:
stat:指定instance(Initial)的初始状态,就是说在配置好后,这台服务器的初始状态就是这里指定的,但这里指定的不算,还是得要通过竞选通过优先级来确定,里如果这里设置为master,但如若他的优先级不及另外一台,那么这台在发送通告时,会发送自己的优先级,另外一台发现优先级不如自己的高,那么他会就回抢占为master
- interface:实例绑定的网卡,因为在配置虚拟IP的时候必须是在已有的网卡上添加的
- priority 101:设置本节点的优先级,优先级高的为master
- debug:debug级别
- nopreempt:设置为不抢占
vrrp_script chk_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance interval 2 # check every 2 seconds 脚本执行间隔 weight -2 # add 2 points of prio if OK 脚本结果导致的优先级变更:2表示优先级+2;-2则表示优先级-2 }
然后在实例(vrrp_instance)里面引用,有点类似脚本里面的函数引用一样:先定义,后引用函数名
track_script { chk_haproxy }
注意:VRRP脚本(vrrp_script)和VRRP实例(vrrp_instance)属于同一个级别
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat start_haproxy.sh #!/bin/bash sleep 5 get=`ip addr |grep 10.1.6.173 |wc -l` echo $get /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log if [ $get -eq 1 ] then echo "`date +%c` success to get vip" /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg else echo "`date +%c` can not get vip" /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log fi root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_keepalived.sh #!/bin/bash pid=`pidof keepalived` if [ $pid == "" ] then echo "`date +%c` no keepalived process id" /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log else echo "`date +%c` will stop keepalived " /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log /etc/init.d/keepalived stop fi /etc/init.d/keepalived stop root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_haproxy.sh #!/bin/bash pid=`pidof haproxy` echo "`date +%c` stop haproxy" /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_ha.log kill -9 $pid
同理配置10.1.6.205
root@10.1.6.205:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf vrrp_script chk_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance interval 2 # check every 2 seconds weight 2 # add 2 points of prio if OK } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth1 # interface to monitor state BACKUP virtual_router_id 51 # Assign one ID for this route priority 100 # 101 on master, 100 on backup virtual_ipaddress { 10.1.6.173 } track_script { chk_haproxy } notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh }
HAProxy
下面再介绍下haproxy
HAProxy是一款基于TCP(第四层)和HTTP(第七层)应用的代理软件,它也可作为负载均衡器.可以支持数以万计的并发连接.同时可以保护服务器不暴露到网络上,通过端口映射.它还自带监控服务器状态的页面.
安装haproxy
wget -O/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz tar xvfz /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz -C /tmp/ cd /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22 make TARGET=linux26 make install
haproxy需要对每一个mysqlcluster服务器进行健康检查
1.在2台主机分别配置haproxy.cfg
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global maxconn 51200 #默认最大连接数 #uid 99 #gid 99 daemon #以后台形式运行haproxy #quiet nbproc 1 #进程数量(可以设置多个进程提高性能) pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid #haproxy的pid存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件 defaults mode tcp #所处理的类别 (#7层 http;4层tcp ) option redispatch #serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器 option abortonclose #当服务器负载很高的时候,自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的连接 timeout connect 5000s #连接超时 timeout client 50000s #客户端超时 timeout server 50000s #服务器超时 log 127.0.0.1 local0 #错误日志记录 balance roundrobin #默认的负载均衡的方式,轮询方式 listen proxy bind 10.1.6.173:3366 #监听端口 mode tcp #http的7层模式 option httpchk #心跳检测的文件 server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 #服务器定义,check inter 12000是检测心跳频率 rise 3是3次正确认为服务器可用, fall 3是3次失败认为服务器不可用,weight代表权重 server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 listen haproxy_stats mode http bind 10.1.6.173:8888 option httplog stats refresh 5s stats uri /status #网站健康检测URL,用来检测HAProxy管理的网站是否可以用,正常返回200,不正常返回503 stats realm Haproxy Manager stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24 #账号密码 root@10.1.6.205:~$ cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global maxconn 51200 #uid 99 #gid 99 daemon #quiet nbproc 1 pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid defaults mode tcp option redispatch option abortonclose timeout connect 5000s timeout client 50000s timeout server 50000s log 127.0.0.1 local0 balance roundrobin listen proxy bind 10.1.6.173:3366 mode tcp option httpchk server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 listen haproxy_stats mode http bind 10.1.6.173:8888 option httplog stats refresh 5s stats uri /status stats realm Haproxy Manager stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24
2.安装xinetd
root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install xinetd
3.在每个节点添加xinetd服务脚本和mysqlchk端口号
root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk # default: on # description: mysqlchk service mysqlchk #需要在servive定义 { flags = REUSE socket_type = stream port = 9222 wait = no user = nobody server = /opt/mysqlchk log_on_failure += USERID disable = no per_source = UNLIMITED bind = 10.1.6.173 } root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/services mysqlchk 9222/tcp # mysqlchk
4.编写mysqlchk监控服务脚本
root@10.1.6.203:~# ls -l /opt/mysqlchk -rwxr--r-- 1 nobody root 1994 2013-09-17 11:27 /opt/mysqlchk root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /opt/mysqlchk #!/bin/bash # # This script checks if a mysql server is healthy running on localhost. It will # return: # "HTTP/1.x 200 OK\r" (if mysql is running smoothly) # - OR - # "HTTP/1.x 500 Internal Server Error\r" (else) # # The purpose of this script is make haproxy capable of monitoring mysql properly # MYSQL_HOST="localhost" MYSQL_SOCKET="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" MYSQL_USERNAME="mysqlchkusr" #该账户密码需要在mysql里添加 MYSQL_PASSWORD="secret" MYSQL_OPTS="-N -q -A" TMP_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.out" ERR_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.err" FORCE_FAIL="/dev/shm/proxyoff" MYSQL_BIN="/opt/mysqlcluster/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.6-linux2.6-x86_64/bin/mysql" CHECK_QUERY="select 1" preflight_check() { for I in "$TMP_FILE" "$ERR_FILE"; do if [ -f "$I" ]; then if [ ! -w $I ]; then echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n" echo -e "Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" echo -e "\r\n" echo -e "Cannot write to $I\r\n" echo -e "\r\n" exit 1 fi fi done } return_ok() { echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n" echo -e "Content-Length: 43\r\n" echo -e "\r\n" echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is running.</body></html>\r\n" echo -e "\r\n" rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE exit 0 } return_fail() { echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n" echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n" echo -e "Content-Length: 42\r\n" echo -e "\r\n" echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is *down*.</body></html>\r\n" sed -e 's/\n$/\r\n/' $ERR_FILE echo -e "\r\n" rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE exit 1 } preflight_check if [ -f "$FORCE_FAIL" ]; then echo "$FORCE_FAIL found" > $ERR_FILE return_fail; fi $MYSQL_BIN $MYSQL_OPTS --host=$MYSQL_HOST --socket=$MYSQL_SOCKET --user=$MYSQL_USERNAME --password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "$CHECK_QUERY" > $TMP_FILE 2> $ERR_FILE if [ $"htmlcode">root@10.1.6.203:~# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 211.151.105.186/26 brd 211.151.105.191 scope global eth0 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.1.6.203/24 brd 10.1.6.255 scope global eth1 inet 10.1.6.173/32 scope global eth1 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep ha tcp 0 0 10.1.6.173:3366 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1042/haproxy tcp 0 0 10.1.6.203:8888 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1042/haproxy udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:56562 0.0.0.0:* 1042/haproxy root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep xine tcp 0 0 10.1.6.203:9222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 30897/xinetd root@10.1.6.203:~# ps -ef | grep haproxy root 1042 1 0 Sep17 "htmlcode">root@10.1.6.203:mgm# mysql -udave -p -h 10.1.6.173 -P 3366 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1344316 Server version: 5.5.22-ndb-7.2.6-gpl-log MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dave | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>手动分别使keepalive,haproxy,数据库挂掉.vip10.1.6.173会自动漂到10.1.6.205从上,并不影响vip的访问
通过vip,haproxy查看各节点状态
http://10.1.6.173:8888/status
稳了!魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息!官宣时间再确认!
昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享,自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。
这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。
而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?
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